Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41972131›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in immunology2026

Loss of TET function in T regulatory cells yields ex-Treg cells biased toward T follicular helper cells, causing autoimmune diseases through autoantibody production.

Kazumasa Suzuki, Leo J Arteaga-Vazquez, Bruno Villalobos Reveles, Lot Hernández-Espinosa, Isaac F López-Moyado, Atsushi Onodera, Daniela Samaniego-Castruita, Ferhat Ay, Arlet Lara-Custodio, Patrick G Hogan and 2 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Research Progress of Molecular HDrug design, development and therapy · 2026
    Review
  5. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Kazumasa SuzukiCenter for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States.
Leo J Arteaga-VazquezCenter for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States.
Bruno Villalobos RevelesCenter for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States.
Lot Hernández-EspinosaCenter for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States.
Isaac F López-MoyadoCenter for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States.
Atsushi OnoderaInstitute for Advanced Academic Research (IAAR), Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
Daniela Samaniego-CastruitaCenter for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States.
Ferhat AyCenter for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States.
Arlet Lara-CustodioCenter for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States.
Patrick G HoganCenter for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States.
Hugo SepulvedaCenter for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States.
Anjana RaoCenter for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States.

Funding

The TET-DNMT-ASXL1-OGT axis: relevance to clonal hematopoiesis, heterochromatin integrity and cancerR35CA210043 · NCI · LA JOLLA INSTITUTE FOR IMMUNOLOGY · PI Anjana Rao · 2016 to 2026
$10.6M
Studying the function of human genetic variation in the light of 3D genome organizationR35GM128938 · NIGMS · LA JOLLA INSTITUTE FOR IMMUNOLOGY · PI Ferhat Ay · 2018 to 2026
$4.6M
NCI NIH HHS R35 CA210043NIGMS NIH HHS R35 GM128938
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: T regulatory cells (Treg cells) express the transcription factor FOXP3 and maintain immune homeostasis by attenuating effector responses. Treg cells are prone to lose FOXP3 and convert to pathological 'ex-Treg' cells under conditions of strong or chronic inflammation. One mechanism for loss of FOXP3 expression involves increased DNA methylation of intronic enhancers Method: We extend our previous analysis of Results and discussion: We classified the mice as DKO-moderate or DKO-severe based on the total number of leukocytes in the spleen and peripheral lymph nodes and investigated the phenotypic and molecular basis for the progressive inflammation occurring in these mice. RNA-seq as well as histological and immunocytochemical analyses showed a striking expansion of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells and plasma cells in

Indexed as

AutoantibodiesAutoimmune DiseasesDioxygenasesDNA-Binding ProteinsMixed Function OxygenasesProto-Oncogene ProteinsT-Lymphocytes, Helper-InducerT-Lymphocytes, RegulatoryAnimalsDNA MethylationForkhead Transcription FactorsMiceMice, KnockoutAutoantibodiesDioxygenasesDNA-Binding ProteinsForkhead Transcription FactorsFoxp3 protein, mouseMixed Function OxygenasesProto-Oncogene ProteinsTet2 protein, mouseTet3 protein, mouseautoimmune diseasesDNA methylationex-Treg cellsFOXP3inflammationregulatory T(Treg) cellTET2 and TET3TET methylcytosine dioxygenase

Identifiers

PMID41972131
PMCPMC13066302

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.