ArticleTobacco prevention & cessation2026
Nicotine metabolite ratio and attitude towards nicotine metabolite ratio informed smoking cessation care in Jordan.
Article in Tobacco prevention & cessation, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
introductionJordan has one of the highest global smoking and secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure rates. Nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR), the ratio of nicotine metabolites trans-3'-hydroxycotinine to cotinine, serves as a marker for tailored smoking cessation strategies to improve abstinence rates. This study examined smokers' NMR status, attitudes toward NMR-informed smoking cessation care, and SHS exposure markers in non-smokers exposed and not exposed to SHS.
methodsThis cross-sectional study recruited participants using convenience sampling from Amman and Madaba, Jordan. Participants were categorized into current smokers, non-smokers not exposed to SHS, and non-smokers exposed to SHS. Smokers were classified as slow (NMR <0.31) or fast (NMR ≥0.31) metabolizers. A baseline questionnaire gathered demographics, smoking data, and attitudes toward NMR-informed smoking cessation care. Statistical analyses, including descriptive statistics, chi-squared tests, and non-parametric tests were performed.
resultsA total of 251 participants were recruited: 125 smokers (49.8%), 63 non-smokers exposed to SHS (25.1%), and 63 non-smokers not exposed to SHS (25.1%). Median cotinine levels were high in non-smokers exposed to SHS (36.1 ng/mL) and non-smokers not exposed to SHS (32 ng/mL). Among smokers, 105 (84%) were fast nicotine metabolizers (NMR ≥0.31) and 20 (16%) were slow metabolizers (NMR <0.31), with a median NMR of 0.52 (range: 0.14-6.6). Most smokers showed a positive attitude towards NMR-informed smoking cessation care.
conclusionsThe predominance of fast nicotine metabolizers in this study underscores the need for NMR-tailored cessation approaches. High SHS exposure observed underscores the need to enforce strict public smoking restrictions in Jordan.
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