Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41971632›Full record

ArticleJournal of clinical tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases2026

Tuberculosis-associated IRIS in a young non-HIV patient undergoing TNF-α blockade for ankylosis spondylitis: a rare case report from Italy.

Enrico Perugini, Laura Campogiani, Luigi Coppola, Federico Cecilia, Sara Ciarpaglini, Martina Leone, Manuel Scimeca, Amedeo Ferlosio, Vincenzo Malagnino, Marco Iannetta and 1 more

Abstract readCase Reports
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In one paragraph

Article in Journal of clinical tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Enrico PeruginiInfectious Diseases Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy.
Laura CampogianiInfectious Diseases Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy.
Luigi CoppolaInfectious Diseases Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy.
Federico CeciliaInfectious Diseases Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy.
Sara CiarpagliniInfectious Diseases Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy.
Martina LeoneInfectious Diseases Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy.
Manuel ScimecaDepartment of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
Amedeo FerlosioAnatomic Pathology, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy.
Vincenzo MalagninoInfectious Diseases Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy.
Marco IannettaInfectious Diseases Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy.
Loredana SarmatiInfectious Diseases Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Patients receiving anti-TNF-α therapy are at increased risk of developing tuberculosis (TB). While immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is classically associated with HIV-infected individuals initiating antiretroviral therapy, it has also been reported in HIV-negative patients following the initiation of anti-tubercular treatment. We present a case of a non-HIV patient who developed IRIS after being diagnosed with TB while on anti-TNF-α therapy. The optimal management of IRIS in this setting remains unclear, although corticosteroids have been used with varying success. Some authors suggest that continuation of anti-TNF-α agents during IRIS may be beneficial. Our case highlights the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in managing TB-IRIS in non-HIV patients and the need for further research in this population.

Indexed as

Ankylosis spondylitisImmune reconstitution inflammatory syndromeIRISTNF-α blockadeTuberculosis

Identifiers

PMID41971632
PMCPMC13066802

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.