Out-of-pocket expenditures on over-the-counter medications: a cross-sectional study of consumer spending patterns.

Background: Over-the-counter (OTC) medications are widely used, yet little is known about their cost implications and consumer satisfaction in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). This study assessed self-medication practices, out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditure, and satisfaction among the general population and patients with cardiovascular diseases. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a structured questionnaire among adult residents of the UAE (≥18 years) who had used OTC. A total of 206 participants, from the general public, were recruited. Exclusion criteria included Participants without internet and individuals with incomplete responses. Data on demographic characteristics, OTC and herbal medication use, 30-day OOP expenditure, and satisfaction with costs were collected. Descriptive statistics and regression analyses were performed. Results: Among 206 participants, who reported regular use of over-the-counter (OTC) medications. Usage was more frequent among females ( Conclusion: Self-medication with OTC products is common among adults in the UAE, particularly among females. While overall satisfaction with OTC medication costs is high, a substantial proportion of participants incur moderate out-of-pocket expenses. These findings highlight the need for public awareness on cost-effective self-medication practices and further research on financial implications of OTC use.