Self-Assembly of Alginate-Grafted Penicillanic Acid Derivatives into Antibacterial Micelles for Controlled Drug Delivery.

Xiuqiong Chen, Jiayi Liu, Jiji Fan, Yanan Bu, Qian Wang, Huiqiong Yan, Changjiang Yu, Qiang Lin

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in ACS omega, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Xiuqiong ChenKey Laboratory of Water Pollution Treatment & Resource Reuse of Hainan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan 571158, P. R. China.

Jiayi LiuKey Laboratory of Water Pollution Treatment & Resource Reuse of Hainan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan 571158, P. R. China.

Jiji FanKey Laboratory of Water Pollution Treatment & Resource Reuse of Hainan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan 571158, P. R. China.

Yanan BuKey Laboratory of Water Pollution Treatment & Resource Reuse of Hainan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan 571158, P. R. China.

Qian WangKey Laboratory of Water Pollution Treatment & Resource Reuse of Hainan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan 571158, P. R. China.

Huiqiong YanKey Laboratory of Water Pollution Treatment & Resource Reuse of Hainan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan 571158, P. R. China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3334-1613

Changjiang YuKey Laboratory of Water Pollution Treatment & Resource Reuse of Hainan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan 571158, P. R. China.

Qiang LinKey Laboratory of Water Pollution Treatment & Resource Reuse of Hainan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan 571158, P. R. China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The self-assembly and drug release of amphiphilic polymers are critically controlled by synergistic molecular forces and polymer architecture. Therefore, elucidating the self-assembly behavior of amphiphilic polymers, based on the entropy effect mediated by water molecules, is of significant importance for designing functional nanomicellar carriers. To advance the design of functional nanomicellar carriers, this work innovatively exploited the dual functionality of 6-aminopenicillanic acid (6-APA), a key semisynthetic penicillin intermediate, by grafting it onto alginate via acylation, creating an amphiphilic alginate-grafted penicillanic acid derivative (AM-Alg-APA). This molecular design uniquely integrates inherent antibacterial activity with tunable self-assembly driven by entropy-mediated hydrophobic effects in aqueous systems. The synthesized AM-Alg-APA was able to autonomously form spherical micelles, displaying a hydrodynamic diameter of 568.69 nm with a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.28 and a zeta potential of -34.8 mV in aqueous solution. This system further demonstrated responsive colloidal behavior to variations in the pH and ionic strength under simulated physiological conditions. Critically, micellar morphologies arose from synergistic intermolecular forces and segmental entropy optimization, enabling efficient encapsulation of hydrophobic triclosan (TCA) via high-shear processing and its controlled release via non-Fickian diffusion. Beyond demonstrating cytocompatibility with MC3T3-E1 cells, the micelles leveraged the grafted 6-APA to confer significant antibacterial activity against

Identifiers

PMID41970878

DOI10.1021/acsomega.5c10841

PMCPMC13063020

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