ArticleFrontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland)2026
Association between changes in conditioned pain modulation efficiency and pain sensitivity: a randomized controlled trial.
Article in Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Conditioned pain modulation (CPM) reflects endogenous inhibitory capacity and may demonstrate neuroplastic adaptations with repeated activation. However, the association between CPM efficiency changes and pain sensitivity remains unclear. This planned secondary analysis examined whether improvements in CPM efficiency were associated with changes in quantitative sensory testing (QST) measures and psychological factors in healthy adults. Study design, participants, and primary intervention effects have been reported previously in the primary trial publication. Sixty participants (aged 18-75 years) were randomized to high CPM exposure (five sessions), low CPM exposure (two sessions), or no CPM exposure groups. Multiple linear regression examined associations between changes in CPM efficiency and QST measures (thermal and pressure pain thresholds, tolerance, and ratings) and psychological factors (depression, anxiety, fear of pain, affect, and expectations), controlling for group and age. Improvements in CPM efficiency significantly predicted increases in heat pain threshold temperature (
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