Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41970636›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland)2026

Case Report: Spinal cord stimulation for phantom limb pain facilitates upper limb myoelectric prosthesis use.

Lauren E Penz, Andrew W Nelson, F Clay Smither, Jonathan M Hagedorn

Abstract readCase Reports
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Long-term outcomes of spinal cord stimulation for refractory phantom limb pain.Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Lauren E PenzDivision of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.
Andrew W NelsonLimb Lab, Rochester, MN, United States.
F Clay SmitherDivision of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.
Jonathan M HagedornDivision of Pain Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: This case describes the application of spinal cord stimulation for the treatment of phantom limb pain in a patient with a left transhumeral amputation. Treatment of pain involving a high frequency spinal cord stimulator allowed the patient to utilize his myoelectric prosthesis and improve his overall function. Clinical findings: Severe, phantom limb pain with associated involuntary muscle contractions prevented the patient from wearing a prosthesis for more than three hours per day. He also had difficulty using his myoelectric prosthesis to use his left upper extremity for functional tasks. Therapeutic intervention: A high frequency spinal cord stimulator was placed at the level of the cervical spine. The patient had improvement in pain and overall function. He was also able to tolerate wearing his prosthesis longer each day. Conclusion: High frequency spinal cord stimulation may be an effective treatment option for individuals with phantom limb pain. Treatment of phantom limb pain may decrease barriers to prosthesis use and improve overall function.

Indexed as

amputeecase reportmyoelectric prosthesisphantom limb painspinal cord stimulation

Identifiers

PMID41970636
PMCPMC13062255

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.