ArticleThe Lancet regional health. Western Pacific2026
Insights from a cross-sectional population-based study of 10,929 Australians living with Parkinson's disease: risk factors, comorbidities, and sex differences.
Article in The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
19 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: The pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) remains incompletely understood; large-scale studies are needed to further elucidate its genetic and environmental underpinnings. The Australian Parkinson's Genetics Study (APGS) is an ongoing nationwide, population-based initiative established to advance understanding of PD determinants and progression. Methods: We present a cross-sectional characterisation of 10,929 participants with self-reported PD recruited across Australia through assisted mail-outs, media outreach, and digital engagement. Participants complete comprehensive questionnaires capturing sociodemographic, clinical, environmental, lifestyle, and behavioural data, and provide saliva samples for genetic analysis. A control cohort is currently being recruited and not reported here. Findings: The cohort is 63% male, with a mean age of 71 years and symptom onset at 64 years; 79% report diagnosis by a neurologist and 25% report a family history. Non-motor symptoms and neuropsychiatric comorbidities are common, including sleep disturbances, memory changes, and depression, alongside risk factors such as pesticide exposure (36%), traumatic brain injury (16%), and high-risk occupations (33%). Sex-based differences are evident: females more frequently report unilateral onset (81% vs 75%), falls (45% vs 41%), and pain (70% vs 63%), whereas males report higher rates of memory changes (67% vs 61%), pesticide exposure (42% vs 28%), high-risk occupations (44% vs 16%), and impulsive control behaviour, such as sexual behaviour (56% vs 19%). Interpretation: Leveraging APGS, the largest active PD cohort globally, our findings highlight the clinical and risk heterogeneity of PD and the importance of sex-specific research and care. The study's successful recruitment demonstrates the feasibility of large-scale remote enrolment, while its comprehensive design and ongoing expansion, including genomic profiling and digital phenotyping, position APGS as a transformative platform for advancing PD risk prediction, biomarker discovery, and therapeutic development. Funding: APGS is supported by the Global Parkinson's Genetics Program (GP2), Shake It Up Australia Foundation, and Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research (MJFF-021952).
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.