ArticleHealth science reports2026
Risk Factors of Keratoconus in High School Students in Trinidad and Tobago: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Article in Health science reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Keratoconus (KC) is the most common form of keratectasia that is associated with impaired vision and reduced quality of life, especially in adolescents. This study aims to identify and assess the risk factors associated with KC among high school students in Trinidad and Tobago (T&T). Method: This was an institutional-based, cross-sectional study that utilized the Keratoconus (KC) Risk Investigative (KRIS) questionnaire to assess risk factors of KC among high school students in T&T. A multistage stratified cluster sampling technique was employed. The study examined established and non-established risk factors. Results: A total of 2084 students (mean age: 14 years, SD = 1.6, range 11-20) participated, with 674 (32.3%) reporting at least one risk factor of KC. The most prevalent risk factor overall was prolonged near-work (≥ 8 h/day, 59.8%), while exposure to sunlight (25%) was identified as the most established risk factor. Of those with risk factors, 60 (2.9%) had KC which was significantly associated with family history ( Conclusion: This study underscores the role of genetic and environmental factors in KC development, highlighting the importance of near-work and light hypersensitivity. Early screening and targeted interventions are recommended, especially for individuals with a family history or related atopic conditions.
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