SynthesisFrontiers in medicine2026
Virus-directed CAR immunotherapies for chronic HBV and HIV: a systematic synthesis of preclinical and early clinical evidences.
Synthesis in Frontiers in medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- The immunoecology of occult hepatitis B virus infection: genetic remodeling and the immune-mediated microcosm.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections are among the most important global health issues. Virus-directed CAR-T and CAR-NK are promising strategies capable of targeting virally infected cells. The therapeutic potential, safety, and translational readiness of these platforms have not been fully synthesised. Objectives: This study assessed preclinical and early clinical evidence of CAR-T and CAR-NK immunotherapies against HBV and HIV, including efficacy, safety and translational feasibility. Methods: Databases were searched according to PRISMA 2020 guidelines. For this review, eligible studies included Results: Forty-three studies met the inclusion criteria (21 Conclusion: Virus-directed CAR-T and CAR-NK therapies show strong preclinical antiviral activity and early clinical signs of activity, showing acceptable safety. Because of heterogeneity, small sample size and limited clinical data, the quality of evidence from this population remains low to moderate. Large and well-controlled trials are necessary to optimise CAR designs, improve persistence, and investigate combinations with latency-reversing or immune-modulating drugs.
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