ArticleFrontiers in neurology
Analysis of risk factors for relapse in pediatric MOG antibody-associated disease: a single-center retrospective cohort study.
Article in Frontiers in neurology. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Objective: Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) is an immune-mediated demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system. It has a higher incidence in children than in adults, carries a relatively high risk of relapse with unclear mechanisms, and significantly impacts patient prognosis. This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics of MOGAD and identify independent risk factors for relapse, to provide a basis for early intervention and individualized treatment. Methods: A total of 108 children diagnosed with MOGAD at the Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University between January 2020 and June 2024 were retrospectively enrolled. Clinical, laboratory, and radiological data were collected. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression models were used to screen for risk factors associated with relapse. Results: The median follow-up time was 37 months, with a relapse rate of 30.6%. The proportion of patients presenting with seizures (54.5% vs. 20.0%, Conclusion: In pediatric MOGAD, the ADEM phenotype is most common at onset. Seizures and limb weakness at initial presentation are independent risk factors for relapse in children with MOGAD, while a normal brain MRI suggests a lower relapse risk. Prolonging the corticosteroid treatment course during remission (≥6 months) may help reduce the relapse risk. Enhanced follow-up and individualized treatment should be considered for children with high-risk factors. These findings may help clinicians identify high-risk patients and tailor long-term immunosuppressive therapy.
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