Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41969897›Full record

SynthesisFrontiers in psychology2026

Online and traditional mindfulness-based interventions for stress in university students: a systematic review and meta-analysis versus control conditions.

Yangzhen Wang, Weiguo Qu, Hongcheng Liu, Ze Peng, Yurong Hu

Abstract readSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Frontiers in psychology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Yangzhen WangXiangtan Institute of Technology, Xiangtan, China.
Weiguo QuDepartment of Psychology, School of Educational Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.
Hongcheng LiuChangsha Institute of Technology, Changsha, China.
Ze PengXiangtan Institute of Technology, Xiangtan, China.
Yurong HuXiangtan Institute of Technology, Xiangtan, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Objective: Empirical evidence verifies the efficacy of mindfulness interventions in addressing heterogeneous stress forms across clinical and non-clinical populations. However, online mindfulness is increasingly emerging in diverse modalities across online platforms, propelled by ongoing technological advancements. This study aims to conduct a systematic analysis of the intervention effects of online versus traditional mindfulness in alleviating stress among university students. It is important to note that this review compares online and traditional formats indirectly, by synthesizing trials that separately compare each format against a control condition, as head-to-head RCTs directly comparing both formats were not eligible for inclusion. Methods: Four databases were selected as data sources: Web of Science, Embase, Medline and PsycINFO. A total of 4,387 articles were included based on the PICOS framework established Results: Analysis of the included studies indicated that online mindfulness interventions (SMD = -0.56; 95% CI: -0.76 to -0.36) effectively reduced stress in university students, with traditional mindfulness interventions (SMD = -0.64; 95% CI: -0.83 to -0.46) demonstrating comparable results. For improving mindfulness among university students, both online mindfulness (SMD = 0.52; 95% CI: 0.28 to 0.76) and traditional mindfulness (SMD = 0.42; 95% CI: 0.24 to 0.59) yield positive outcomes. Conclusion: The results demonstrated that both online and traditional mindfulness effectively reduce university students' stress and enhance their mindfulness levels. And the effects of these two intervention methods are comparable. Therefore, online mindfulness may serve as a viable and similarly effective alternative to traditional mindfulness for stress reduction among college students. Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD420251025123, CRD420251025123.

Indexed as

meta-analysisonline mindfulnessstresstraditional mindfulnessuniversity student

Identifiers

PMID41969897
PMCPMC13067905

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.