ArticleOpen forum infectious diseases2026
mRNA and Protein Subunit COVID-19 Vaccine Reactogenicity and Their Relationship to Productivity for Healthcare Workers and First Responders.
Article in Open forum infectious diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06633835 (Impact of Reactogenicity of the 2024-2025 COVID-19 Vaccines on Health Care Workers and First Responders in the United States), which is not on this map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Impact of Reactogenicity of the 2024-2025 COVID-19 Vaccines on Health Care Workers and First Responders in the United States
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16 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objectives: To compare the percentage of participants that experienced any solicited reactogenicity symptom after 1 dose of the updated 2024-2025 adjuvanted protein-based Novavax (NVX; JN.1) or Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA (PFZ; KP.2) COVID-19 vaccine within 2 and 7 days post-vaccination and examine its impact on daily life. Methods: In this prospective, interventional, real-world study (SHIELD/NCT06633835), previously vaccinated healthcare workers (HCWs) and first responders (FRs) from Salt Lake City, Utah, United States, and surrounding areas self-selected to receive NVX or PFZ. At 2 and 7 days post-vaccination, participants self-reported on 11 vaccine-related reactogenicity symptoms and functional impairment using a 5-item modified Sheehan Disability Scale. Results: Five hundred eighty-eight participants completed the day 2 questionnaire (NVX, n =219; PFZ, n =369); 583 completed the day 7 questionnaire (NVX, n =217; PFZ, n =366). Two days post-vaccination, NVX recipients were less likely to report a systemic (OR =0.40; 95% CI, .21-.75) or local (OR =0.10; 95% CI, .03-.33) reactogenicity symptom and lost 50% fewer work hours (0.7 vs 1.4 hours) and 66% fewer productive hours (0.8 vs 2.4 hours) than PFZ recipients. There was little to no difference between vaccines at 7 days post-vaccination. Conclusions: Fewer reactogenicity symptoms following COVID-19 vaccination suggest use of the 2024-2025 adjuvanted protein-based NVX vaccine as an immunization option with a lower impact on daily life. These findings may inform policymakers, clinicians, and hospital systems regarding vaccine tolerability, which may influence HCW and FR behavior regarding COVID-19 vaccines.
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