ArticleFrontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology2026
Glucose concentration modulates bovine intervertebral disc response under physiological loading.
Article in Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Introduction: Methods: Whole IVDs were cultured under physiological loading (0.02-0.20 MPa, 0.2 Hz, for 2 h per day) with different glucose supplements (25 mM, 11 mM, and 5.5 mM) for 1 week. The effects of glucose supplementation on IVD cell viability, metabolism, disc height, glycosaminoglycan (GAG) release, and the expression of key anabolic and catabolic markers were analyzed. Results: Decreasing glucose concentration had a dramatic influence on the viability of bovine IVD cells. Under 25 mM glucose, high viability was maintained after 7 days, reaching approximately 80% in the annulus fibrosus (AF) and 72% in the nucleus pulposus (NP). At the lower glucose concentrations (11 and 5.5 mM), cell viability decreased significantly to approximately 31% and 7.5% in the inner AF, and 27% and 11% in the NP. Metabolomic analysis showed reduced levels of metabolites related to β-oxidation, antioxidant protection, and osmoregulation from day 1 to day 7, suggesting an adaptive response to the Conclusion: This study enhances our understanding of bovine disc cell metabolism during organ culturing. Furthermore, the findings emphasize the need to optimize nutrient and loading conditions in
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