ArticleCurrent urology2026
From ChatGPT to UroGPT: A guideline-trained artificial intelligence model for male infertility.
Article in Current urology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Progress in the research of artificial intelligence in andrology: a narrative review.Translational andrology and urology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: ChatGPT is not yet sufficiently reliable for answering clinical questions relevant to direct patient care. We hypothesized that a GPT model trained exclusively on expert guidelines would provide more accurate, guideline-concordant responses. Materials and methods: With permission from the European Association of Urology, we developed UroGPT, a custom GPT model trained solely on the European Association of Urology guidelines. We posed 25 clinical questions derived from the Male Infertility Guidelines and expert opinions to both the standard ChatGPT (GPT-4o) and UroGPT. Responses were anonymized and graded by 2 blinded reviewers as "complete and accurate," "incomplete but accurate," and "incorrect or misleading." Guideline concordance was compared using the chi-square test. Results: UroGPT demonstrated significantly greater concordance with guideline-based responses than ChatGPT ( Conclusions: UroGPT markedly outperformed ChatGPT in guideline concordance. Training artificial intelligence models on expert-authored content represents a meaningful step toward developing clinically useful large language models. However, UroGPT is not yet appropriate for direct patient care and should currently be used only for research and academic purposes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.