ArticleThe Australian & New Zealand journal of obstetrics & gynaecology2026
Factors Associated With Pain Related to Insertion of a Contraceptive Intrauterine Device: Findings of a National Survey.
Article in The Australian & New Zealand journal of obstetrics & gynaecology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effect of Music on Pain, Anxiety, and Satisfaction During Intrauterine Device Application: A Randomized Clinical Trial.Research in nursing & health · 2026Trial
- Correction to 'Factors Associated With Pain Related to Insertion of a Contraceptive Intrauterine Device: Findings of a National Survey'.The Australian & New Zealand journal of obstetrics & gynaecology · 2026Article
- Factors Associated With Pain Related to Insertion of a Contraceptive Intrauterine Device: Findings of a National Survey.The Australian & New Zealand journal of obstetrics & gynaecology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundA prominent barrier to broader intrauterine device (IUD) uptake is the fear of pain and discomfort associated with insertion of the device.
aimTo examine the pain level perceived during IUD insertion and identify factors associated with perceived pain during the insertion procedure. MATERIALS AND
methodsWe conducted a secondary analysis of nationally representative survey data from Australian women using IUDs. We explored self-reported pain perception during IUD insertion retrospectively. We asked women about pregnancy history, mental health and their perceived knowledge about the IUD method they were using at the time of the survey. Ordinal logistic regression was employed to analyse associations between these factors and pain perception.
resultsA total of 347 respondents were using an IUD and reported on pain perception during IUD insertion. One in five women reported experiencing severe pain during IUD insertion and approximately one in two women reported experiencing mild or no pain during this procedure. Having a current mental health condition, having more than one previous pregnancy and higher self-perceived knowledge about IUD groups were associated with more perceived pain.
conclusionsThese findings highlight the need for healthcare providers to consider the complex interplay of factors affecting pain perception during IUD insertion, prioritise individualized pain management strategies and address perceived knowledge surrounding IUDs, particularly in women with mental health conditions. Exploring ways to improve the experience of women during IUD insertion may contribute to positive discourse around IUDs and to encourage others to select an IUD as a contraceptive approach.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.