ArticleCancer medicine2026
Real World Outcomes With Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy in Metastatic Poorly Differentiated Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Carcinomas.
Article in Cancer medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- What are the Unmet Needs in Managing Digestive Neuroendocrine Carcinomas?Current oncology reports · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundGastroenteropancreatic poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas (GEP-NECs) are aggressive cancers where cytotoxic chemotherapy is the backbone of treatment. While the addition of immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (IOs) to chemotherapy is recommended for lung NECs, evidence regarding IO efficacy in GEP-NECs is limited. We explore outcomes with systemic therapies in patients with metastatic GEP-NECs using the National Cancer Database (NCDB).
methodsCases of metastatic GEP-NECs with years of diagnosis between 2018 and 2022 were identified within the NCDB. Overall survival (OS) was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier estimations and Cox proportional hazards regression.
resultsFour thousand one hundred twenty-seven cases were included. 1209 (29.29%) patients did not receive any systemic therapy (chemotherapy/immunotherapy/both). Among the 2918 patients that received systemic therapy, 758 (25.98%) patients received immunotherapy (immunotherapy alone = 21; chemotherapy plus immunotherapy [chemoIO] = 737). The percentage of patients receiving immunotherapy alongside chemotherapy increased from 12.27% in 2018 to 34.18% in 2022. Two thousand two hundred eighty cases were included for survival analysis. Patients treated with chemoIO (N = 532) had prolonged OS versus chemotherapy alone (N = 1748), with median OS of 10.51 months vs. 8.31 months (HR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.69-0.85; p < 0.001). The association was significant in all histological subgroups (small-cell, p < 0.001; large-cell, p = 0.04; others/not specified, p = 0.01).
conclusionsCombination chemoIO may improve survival in metastatic GEP-NECs as compared to chemotherapy alone. Results of currently ongoing clinical trials exploring the role of immunotherapy in extrapulmonary NECs may help guide clinical practice in GEP-NECs.
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