ArticleCurrent cardiology reviews2026
Cost-Effectiveness of Empagliflozin in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure and Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review.
Article in Current cardiology reviews, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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4 authors.
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Abstract
introductionTo evaluate the cost-effectiveness of empagliflozin in patients with chronic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (CHFpEF) and moderately reduced ejection fraction (CHFmrEF) across various healthcare systems. MATERIALS AND
methodsA systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA 2024 guidelines. A total of 6 studies were included after screening 225 records from PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. Studies evaluating cost-effectiveness outcomes, including incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICER), quality-adjusted life years (QALY), and healthcare costs, were analyzed.
resultsAll included studies applied a Markov model over a 10-year time horizon. Empagliflozin was associated with a 15-18% reduction in hospitalizations, an increase in QALYs by 0.11-0.67, and ICERs ranging from €5,089/QALY to $174,053/QALY, depending on the healthcare setting and model assumptions. Examples include: Spain: €5,089/QALY, China: $11,292/QALY, USA: $25,974-$174,053/QALY, Australia: A$29,202/QALY. ICER per life year (LY) ranged from $6,246 to $151,929, indicating variable cost-effectiveness based on country-specific cost structures and thresholds.
conclusionsEmpagliflozin appears to be a cost-effective add-on therapy to standard care for CHFpEF and CHFmrEF, especially in healthcare systems with high hospitalization costs. However, its value is highly sensitive to drug pricing and national willingness-to-pay thresholds. Further real-world studies are needed to confirm long-term economic benefits. The review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD420250654439). Available from: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD420250654439.
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