ArticleAustralian endodontic journal : the journal of the Australian Society of Endodontology Inc2026
Evaluation of the Prevalence and Morphology of Middle Mesial Canals in Bifid-Apex Mandibular Molars Using Micro-CT.
Article in Australian endodontic journal : the journal of the Australian Society of Endodontology Inc, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
This micro-CT study analysed 90 mandibular mesial roots with and without a bifid apex. Number of orifices and main apical foramina, main canal counts at coronal/middle/apical thirds, middle mesial canal (MMC) presence, and MB-ML inter-orifice distance in two-orifice roots were measured. The prevalence of MMCs was significantly higher in bifid roots (35.5%) compared to non-bifid roots (11.4%) (p < 0.05). Bifid roots exhibited a significantly higher mean number of apical foramina (2.24 ± 0.43) than non-bifid roots (1.33 ± 0.52) (p < 0.05). In roots with two orifices, the MB-ML inter-orifice distance was significantly wider in the bifid group (2.57 ± 0.56 mm) compared to the non-bifid group (2.28 ± 0.50 mm) (p < 0.05). Canal configurations also differed significantly; bifid roots were predominantly Vertucci Type V (31.1%) and Type IV (26.7%), while non-bifid roots frequently presented with Type I (33.3%) and Type III (26.7%).
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