ReviewJournal of nanobiotechnology2026
Surface engineering of extracellular vesicles: trends, strategies, and applications in diagnosis and therapy.
Review in Journal of nanobiotechnology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Biomaterials at the interface of bone-derived factors and inter-organ communication: Current evidence and future perspectives.Bioactive materials · 2026Review
- Microfluidic Platforms for Exosome Engineering: Scalable Therapeutics for Cancer Immunotherapy and Infectious Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- In vivo CAR-M therapy: advancing precision delivery and programmable immune remodeling.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Review
- Source-Specific Extracellular Vesicle Functions and Engineering Strategies for Chronic Pain Management: A Comprehensive Review.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as pivotal mediators of intercellular communication, offering exceptional biocompatibility and an innate ability to cross biological barriers. These properties make them highly attractive for therapeutic and diagnostic applications. Despite this potential, unmodified EVs face clinical limitations including nonspecific targeting and rapid clearance. Surface engineering strategies, which encompass physical, chemical, and genetic approaches, are being developed to address these challenges. These techniques enhance tissue specificity, prolonging circulation time, and allow for the integration of multifunctional capabilities. Furthermore, hybrid techniques that combine these methods are yielding advanced "smart EVs" that can respond to specific microenvironmental cues. Such engineered EVs facilitate real-time tracking through integrated fluorescent probes and enable precision drug delivery, with promising applications in oncology, neurology, cardiovascular diseases, and so on. Recent innovations leverage modular platforms that integrate microfluidics and computational modeling to optimize the functionalization of EVs for uses in tumor immunotherapy, regenerative therapies, etc. However, the clinical translation of these technologies remains hindered by inherent EV heterogeneity, inefficiencies in isolation, and scalability limitations. Advanced manufacturing technologies, including tangential flow filtration and AI-driven analytics, show considerable promise for standardizing production and improving reproducibility. This review synthesizes cutting-edge surface modification strategies, evaluates their diagnostic and therapeutic impacts, and outlines interdisciplinary solutions designed to overcome existing translational barriers. By harmonizing engineering precision with biological fidelity, surface-functionalized EVs hold transformative potential for next-generation theragnostic and personalized medicine.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.