ArticleMicrobiologyOpen2026
The Influence of COVID-19 on the Composition and Drug Resistance of Pleural Effusion in Shandong Province.
Article in MicrobiologyOpen, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- The Influence of COVID-19 on the Composition and Drug Resistance of Pleural Effusion in Shandong Province.MicrobiologyOpen · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
To analyze the composition and drug resistance changes of pleural effusion in Shandong region from 2017 to 2024, and to provide a basis for clinical empirical treatment and future public health strategies. Uese the WHONET5.6 software to analyze the data reported by the SPARSS network. A total of 6336 pathogens was isolated, 3876 were Gram-positive bacteria and 2211 were Gram-negative bacteria. The top five pathogens are Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus constellatus, and Escherichia coli. The main pathogens in male patients are S. constellatus, S. epidermidis, and K. pneumoniae, while in female patients, they are mainly S. aureus, S. epidermidis, and E. coli. The detection rate of S. constellatus rose from 4.3% to 8.1% after the COVID-19 pandemic (p < 0.0001); K. pneumoniae rose from 6.9% to 8.9%(p = 0.0264), and its resistance rate to meropenem increased from 2.1% to 18.3% (p = 0.0063). The detection rate of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus has remained largely unaffected by the COVID-19. The resistance rate of Candida albicans to fluconazole is as high as 12.5%. The pathogen spectrum of pleural effusion in Shandong Province is mainly Gram-positive bacteria. Coagulase-negative staphylococci were among the most common isolates, yet their role as true pathogens versus culture contaminants remains to be clarified in clinical practice. Moreover, after the epidemic, the carbapenem resistance of K. pneumoniae has significantly increased, and the problem of fungal drug resistance also needs to be paid attention to continuous monitoring to guide the rational use of drugs in clinical practice.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.