SynthesisCardiovascular toxicology2026
Cardiovascular Health and Fluoride Toxicity: A Qualitative Systematic Review.
Synthesis in Cardiovascular toxicology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- A Perfect Storm of Pollutants: Environmental Mixtures in the Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThis review aims to comprehensively integrate and qualitatively synthesize the current evidence on fluoride-induced cardiotoxicity. Specifically, it evaluates in vitro, animal, and human studies to examine mechanistic pathways including oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, and apoptosis and associated structural and functional cardiac alterations. By integrating findings from experimental and observational research, this review assesses the extent to which existing data support fluoride-related cardiac effects and highlights areas requiring deeper mechanistic and clinical investigation.
methodsA systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar to identify studies between 1957 and 2024 on fluoride-induced cardiovascular outcomes. Predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to select the relevant in vitro, animal, and human studies. Data were extracted and qualitatively synthesized. Keywords included “fluoride,” “cardiotoxicity,” “oxidative stress,” “apoptosis,” and “histological alterations,” with a focus on both in vivo and in vitro models.
resultsReviewed studies reveal that fluoride exposure report myocardial necrosis, edema, vacuolization, and fiber disorganization. Biochemical data show elevated oxidative stress (MDA), reduced antioxidants (SOD, CAT, GSH), dyslipidaemia, and increased inflammatory and cardiac injury markers (TNF-α, IL-1β, CK-MB, cTnI). The in vitro findings further demonstrate mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis including cytochrome c and caspase-9 activation, supporting fluoride’s cardiotoxic mechanisms at both tissue and cellular levels.
conclusionFluoride exposure is associated with histological alterations, oxidative stress, dyslipidaemia, inflammation, and mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis in experimental models. These outcomes support the biological plausibility of fluoride-induced cardiac dysfunction. However, available human evidence remains limited, precluding definitive conclusions. Further longitudinal and mechanistic studies are needed to clarify the cardiovascular implications of chronic fluoride exposure and potential mitigation strategies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
41968210What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.