Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41967979›Full record

ArticleContact dermatitis2026

Allergen Content of Inactive Ingredients in Best-Selling Sunscreens: A Comparison of Key Product Features.

Emily J Levin, Christopher Chung, Katia Hermes, Henry W Lim, Natalie H Matthews

Abstract readComparative Study
In one paragraph

Article in Contact dermatitis, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Emily J LevinSchool of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5722-772X
Christopher ChungDepartment of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
Katia HermesCollege of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.
Henry W LimDepartment of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1576-1115
Natalie H MatthewsDepartment of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundIrritant and allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) caused by sunscreens may affect patient adherence and photoprotection.

objectivesWe aimed to compare the presence of inactive allergens from the North American 80 Comprehensive Series (NAC-80) across top-selling sunscreens.

methodsWe conducted a cross-sectional analysis of inactive ingredient lists from all reported best-selling sunscreens from the three largest American online retailers: Amazon.com, Target.com and Walmart.com. Using a custom text-matching algorithm and manual review, we identified NAC-80 allergens and quantified allergen counts per product. We compared inactive allergen load in tinted versus non-tinted, organic versus inorganic ultraviolet (UV) filters, vehicle and various marketed features in sunscreens.

resultsWe reviewed 176 products. Vitamin E was the most common allergen, followed by acrylate-containing copolymers/crosspolymers, fragrance, and parabens. Organic, spray and sport sunscreens had significantly more allergens than inorganic, stick and non-sport sunscreens, respectively. Tinted and face sunscreens had significantly fewer allergens than non-tinted and body sunscreens.

conclusionsAllergen content in inactive ingredients varies among best-selling sunscreens, potentially affecting their safety and tolerability. Dermatologists should consider the allergenic potential of not only active but also inactive ingredients of sunscreens when counselling patients.

Indexed as

AllergensDermatitis, Allergic ContactSunscreening AgentsAcrylatesCross-Sectional StudiesHumansPerfumeVitamin EAcrylatesAllergensPerfumeSunscreening AgentsVitamin Eallergensbest‐selling sunscreenscontact allergycontact dermatitisinactive ingredientsNAC‐80patch testingsunscreensunscreen vehicleUV filters

Identifiers

PMID41967979
PMCPMC13327199

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.