ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2026
Tracking HIV Through Wastewater: Ethical Considerations in Public Health Surveillance.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Ending the HIV epidemic requires timely identification of new HIV infections and promptly linking patients to high-quality care. Innovative methods are needed to capture real-time HIV incidence data to more effectively identify persons in need of HIV care access. Emerging advancements in wastewater surveillance (WWS) offer the potential to identify geographic areas with elevated prevalence of detectable viral loads among people who are undiagnosed or no longer receiving care, enabling more targeted interventions to reduce HIV transmission. The introduction of new public health technologies requires balancing potential risks with the significant clinical and population-level benefits of decreasing the number of people with untreated HIV. In this paper, we turn attention to public health ethics principles-such as preventing stigma and bias, protecting the public's privacy and confidentiality, and ensuring that data gathered is only used to promote the public's health-to offer useful guidance and applicability to HIV wastewater surveillance.
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