ArticleWomen's health (London, England)
Changes in the prevalence of menstrual-related symptoms and menstrual cycle abnormalities among Japanese Summer and Winter Olympic athletes over the past seven Olympic Games.
Article in Women's health (London, England). The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundMenstrual-related symptoms and menstrual cycle abnormalities linked to low energy availability can have detrimental long-term health consequences. However, longitudinal data regarding the prevalence trends of these conditions in elite athlete populations remain limited.
objectivesTo investigate changes in the prevalence of menstrual-related symptoms and menstrual cycle abnormalities among Japanese female Summer and Winter Olympic athletes over 12 years.
designA repeated cross-sectional study using retrospective data was applied.
methodsData from Japanese female athletes competing in four Summer Olympic Games (Beijing 2008, London 2012, Rio 2016, Tokyo 2020 (held in 2021)) and three Winter Olympic Games (Vancouver 2010, Sochi 2014, PyeongChang 2018) were analyzed. Gynecological questionnaires assessed menstrual cycle status, symptoms, and medication usage. Trends were analyzed using logistic regression (main analysis) and generalized estimating equations (GEE) to account for repeated participation.
resultsAmong 954 athletes, 786 non-hormonal contraceptive users were analyzed. The prevalence of irregular menstrual cycles significantly increased over 12 years (odds ratio (OR) per cycle: 1.24, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.13-1.37;
conclusionIrregular menstrual cycles significantly increased among elite Japanese female athletes over 12 years. Furthermore, accounting for repeated participation revealed a significantly increasing trend in dysmenorrhea. These findings highlight the need for continued comprehensive gynecological support and education to optimize the health and performance of female athletes.
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