ArticleAntimicrobial resistance and infection control2026
Quality and efficacy of alcohol-based hand rubs used in healthcare facilities of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Article in Antimicrobial resistance and infection control, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundHand hygiene is critical for infection prevention and quality of care. Alcohol-based hand rubs (ABHRs) are widely recommended for their broad antimicrobial activity and ease of use; however, concerns remain regarding product quality and efficacy. This study evaluated the physicochemical properties and antimicrobial performance of ABHRs used in healthcare facilities in Addis Ababa.
methodsA laboratory-based experimental design was conducted between May and August 2025. Thirty ABHRs from hospital-produced, locally manufactured, and imported sources were tested using a customized EN 1500 protocol. The volunteers' hands were contaminated with Escherichia coli K12 and treated with 3 mL of the product for 30 s. Pre- and post-treatment bacterial counts were compared, with log
resultsMeasured ethanol concentrations ranged from 55 to 86% v/v compared with labeled 60-87% v/v. Nearly one-quarter of hospital-produced and locally manufactured products fell below the WHO minimum of 60% v/v. Antimicrobial testing showed log
conclusionOne-fourth of ABHRs and half of the tested products failed to meet the WHO concentration and EN 1500 efficacy benchmarks. Policymakers, hospital administrators, and the Ethiopian Food and Drug Authority must urgently establish mandatory quality audit systems and enforce strict adherence to international guidelines to safeguard healthcare workers, patients, and infection prevention efforts in Ethiopia.
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