Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41965709›Full record

ArticleHarm reduction journal2026

Gender and power dynamics in three types of injection partnerships among young women in rural Appalachia.

Cheyenne R Wagi, Jaelyn Murphy, Madison N Enderle, Hannah Piscalko, Kathleen L Egan, Christina S Meade, Bridget Freisthler, April M Young, Angela Estadt, Kathryn E Lancaster

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Article in Harm reduction journal, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

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No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Cheyenne R WagiDepartment of Implementation Science, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA. cheyenne.wagi@advocatehealth.org.
Jaelyn MurphyDepartment of Implementation Science, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA.
Madison N EnderleDepartment of Implementation Science, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA.
Hannah PiscalkoDivision of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
Kathleen L EganDepartment of Implementation Science, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA.
Christina S MeadeDepartment of Translational Neuroscience, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA.
Bridget FreisthlerCollege of Social Work, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.
April M YoungDepartment of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
Angela EstadtDivision of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
Kathryn E LancasterDepartment of Implementation Science, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA.

Funding

Engaging People Who Use Drugs in Harm Reduction Service Delivery: An Intravention to Reduce Risk of HIV, HCV, Overdose, and Injection-related Infections in Rural AppalachiaR61DA061831 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY · PI YOUNG, APRIL MARIE · 2024 to 2024
$1.5M
The role of injection partnerships and preferences for reducing HCV risk: Giving a voice to young women in rural Appalachia.K01DA048174 · NIDA · WAKE FOREST UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI LANCASTER, KATHRYN ELIZABETH · 2019 to 2023
$841k
NIH HHS K01DA048174NIH HHS R61 DA061831
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundYoung women who inject drugs (YWID) face heightened risks for HIV, hepatitis C, and overdose that are shaped by the relational contexts in which they inject. Injection partnerships, defined as dyadic relationships between people who inject together, remain understudied beyond male-female intimate pairs.

methodsWe conducted 26 semi-structured interviews with YWID (ages 18-35) in rural Appalachian Ohio to explore dynamics within three partnerships types: dual partnerships with male intimate partners, family partnerships, and friend partnerships, with attention to female peer partnerships as a distinct subset. Guided by the Theory of Gender and Power and Bourdieu's concept of cultural capital, we analysed how access to resources, technical skills, and emotional bonds shaped power and risk across these relationships.

resultsDual partnerships concentrated men's control over money, equipment, and injecting skills, limiting women's ability to negotiate safer practices and at times exposed them to violence. Family partnerships were pragmatic and offered little emotional or harm reduction support. Friend partnerships, particularly between female peers, redistributed injecting skills as care rather than control, fostering mutual protection but also normalizing distributive syringe sharing.

conclusionsFindings highlight female peer partnerships as a promising but underutilized context for harm reduction interventions tailored to YWID in rural settings.

Indexed as

Interpersonal RelationsPower, PsychologicalSexual PartnersSubstance Abuse, IntravenousAdolescentAdultAppalachian RegionFemaleHarm ReductionHumansNeedle SharingOhioPeer GroupRural PopulationYoung AdultGender and powerHarm reductionInjection drug useRural AppalachiaYoung women

Identifiers

PMID41965709
PMCPMC13214187

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.