Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41965678›Full record

ArticleJournal of nanobiotechnology2026

Bee sting-shaped microneedles for accelerating Achilles tendinopathy healing via enhanced regulating macrophage polarization.

Muwei Hao, Kai Xiang, Keyi Zhang, Zheng Zhang, Jinlong Li, Han Sun, Lei Zhang

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of nanobiotechnology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Muwei HaoSchool of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, China.
Kai XiangSchool of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, China.
Keyi ZhangSchool of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, China.
Zheng ZhangSchool of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, China.
Jinlong LiSchool of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, China.
Han SunArticular Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 185 Juqian Street, Changzhou, 213003, Jiangsu, China. sh4060@suda.edu.cn.
Lei ZhangSchool of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, China. dg1634031@smail.nju.edu.cn.

Funding

Anhui Province Young Key Teachers Overseas Visiting Scholars Project JWFX2025029Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation 2308085Y45China Postdoctoral Science Foundation 2023M740374High-level Talent Scientific Research Startup Fundation of Wannan Medical College WYRCQD2023016National Nature Science Foundation of China 32371408Natural Science Research Project of Anhui Educational Committee 2024AH040237The Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines SKLNMKF200310Wuhu Science and Technology Department project 2023jc22
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Achilles tendinopathy (AT) is a common overuse injury to the Achilles tendon, and its progression is closely associated with an imbalance in M1/M2 macrophages and the inflammatory microenvironment. Traditional AT treatments are often limited by unwanted side effects, poor tissue penetration, and low therapeutic efficacy. Therefore, the targeted modulation of macrophage polarization could be a useful approach to relieve the inflammatory microenvironment of the Achilles tendon. In this study, we developed bee sting-shaped microneedles (DT-Exo-TMNs) to accelerate AT healing by enhancing the regulation of macrophage polarization. The DT-Exo-TMNs effectively reversed M1 macrophage polarization to M2 macrophage with a high efficiency of 43.4% by activating mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM). In addition, the photothermal agent, tannic acid /Fe

Indexed as

Achilles TendonMacrophagesTendinopathyWound HealingAnimalsAnti-Bacterial AgentsMaleMiceMicroneedle Drug DeliveryNeedlesRatsRats, Sprague-DawleyRAW 264.7 CellsTanninsAnti-Bacterial AgentsTanninsAchilles tendinopathy healingAnti-inflammatoryBee sting-shaped microneedlesImmunotherapyMacrophage polarizationStem cell-derived exosomesTannic acids

Identifiers

PMID41965678
PMCPMC13200503

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.