Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41965602›Full record

Trial reportBMC geriatrics2026

Combined home-delivered transcranial direct current stimulation and cognitive training in older adults with mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease: a randomized, single-blind, sham-controlled trial.

Juan C Meléndez, Joaquin Escudero, Encarnación Satorres, Alfonso Pitarque, Isabel Marti-Hoyos, Jesus Gonzalez-Moreno

Registry-linked trialAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in BMC geriatrics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06861231 (Combined Intervention Using Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Cognitive Training in Alzheimer's Type Dementia Patients), which is not on this map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT06861231 nacompletednot on this map

Combined Intervention Using Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Cognitive Training in Alzheimer's Type Dementia Patients

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of ValenciaRan2024 to 2026Enrolled22ConditionsProdromal Alzheimer's DiseaseArmsTranscraneal Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS)- Active, Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS)- Sham, Cognitive Training (CT)
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Juan C MeléndezDepartment of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibañez 21, Valencia, 46010, Spain. melendez@uv.es.ORCID 0000-0002-6353-6035
Joaquin EscuderoConsorcio Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Av. Tres Cruces, 2, Valencia, 46014, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-3398-4491
Encarnación SatorresDepartment of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibañez 21, Valencia, 46010, Spain.ORCID 0000-0001-8589-8697
Alfonso PitarqueDepartment of Methodology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia , Av. Blasco Ibañez 21, Valencia, 46010, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-3367-2607
Isabel Marti-HoyosDepartment of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibañez 21, Valencia, 46010, Spain.ORCID 0009-0002-3479-581X
Jesus Gonzalez-MorenoDepartment of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibañez 21, Valencia, 46010, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-3968-8864

Funding

Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación PID2022-136798OB-I00
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundNon-pharmacological interventions such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and cognitive training (CT) may benefit cognition in older adults with mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer’s disease (MCI-AD), yet evidence on combined, home-delivered protocols remains limited. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a combined home-delivered combined tDCS and CT intervention across multiple cognitive domains in individuals with MCI-AD.

methodsWe conducted a randomized, single-blind, sham-controlled trial in 41 participants (≥ 65 years) with MCI-AD, allocated to four experimental conditions: (1) tDCS combined with CT, (2) tDCS without CT, (3) sham tDCS combined with CT, and (4) sham tDCS without CT. Interventions were delivered at participants’ homes by trained staff across 10 daily sessions. Outcomes (MMSE; TAVEC Trial 1/Total/Delayed; Forward Digit Span) were assessed at baseline, post-intervention, and 1-month follow-up. Data were analyzed with 4 × 3 mixed-design ANOVAs (group×time) with Bonferroni-adjusted post hoc tests; partial eta-squared was reported as effect size.

resultsSignificant group × time interactions were found for global cognition (MMSE), immediate memory (TAVEC Trial 1), verbal learning (TAVEC Total), and short-term memory (Forward Digit Span) (all p<.05). The combined tDCS + CT group showed sustained improvements across the significant cognitive domains at post-intervention and follow-up.

conclusionsThis randomized controlled trial provides evidence that a home-delivered combined intervention of tDCS and CT can enhance cognitive performance in older adults with MCI-AD. Improvements were domain-specific and sustained over short follow-up. While the modest sample and limited follow-up warrant cautious interpretation, the findings support the potential of combined non-pharmacological interventions delivered at home and highlight the need for larger longitudinal studies to establish their long-term efficacy and scalability.

trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov, NCT06861231. Registered on February 28, 2025.

Indexed as

Alzheimer DiseaseCognitive DysfunctionCognitive TrainingTranscranial Direct Current StimulationAgedAged, 80 and overCognitive EnhancementCombined Modality TherapyFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansMaleSingle-Blind MethodTreatment OutcomeCognitive trainingHome-delivered interventionMild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer’s diseaseNon-pharmacological interventionsTranscranial direct current stimulation

Identifiers

PMID41965602
PMCPMC13196231

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.