ArticleScientific reports2026
Photophysical investigation of green vitamin C adducts as synthetic pH indicators: solvatochromism, halochromism, and DFT calculations integrating optical band gap and electronic transition analysis.
Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
The chemistry of vitamin C adducts was revisited to investigate their pH sensitivity, photophysical properties, optical behavior, and assess their potential as eco-friendly pH indicators. In this study, a series of ascorbic acid adducts were synthesized through a straightforward, high-yield method. Their acid-base responsiveness is driven by a reversible protonation-deprotonation process between the hydrazineyl and azo groups, causing observable color changes. Analysis of substituent effects demonstrated that strong electron-withdrawing groups like nitro (-NO₂) significantly impact the electronic structure, particularly when located at the ortho or para positions of the aromatic ring. Solvatochromic studies revealed that the ortho-nitro adduct 3(b) and para-nitro adduct 3(d) exhibited positive solvatochromism, with their absorption wavelengths increasing in more polar solvents. Notably, 3(b) displayed a consistent yellow color with λ
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