Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41965349›Full record

ArticleNature communications2026

Co-delivering macrophage engager mRNA and PD-L1 antibody via tumor-responsive nanoparticles for glioblastoma immunotherapy.

Haoge Zhang, Jia Miao, Lin Gao, Xuhong Yang, Zhengcheng Yun, Lei Dong, Wanqing Cheng, Yuqi Wang, Hui Yang, Ying Zhou and 2 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Haoge Zhang *Department of Radiology, Nantong First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nantong, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0004-8854-6100
Jia Miao *Nurturing Center of Jiangsu Province for State Laboratory of AI Imaging & Interventional Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0000-2610-2441
Lin Gao *Nurturing Center of Jiangsu Province for State Laboratory of AI Imaging & Interventional Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
Xuhong YangNurturing Center of Jiangsu Province for State Laboratory of AI Imaging & Interventional Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5305-6820
Zhengcheng YunNurturing Center of Jiangsu Province for State Laboratory of AI Imaging & Interventional Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
Lei DongNurturing Center of Jiangsu Province for State Laboratory of AI Imaging & Interventional Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
Wanqing ChengNurturing Center of Jiangsu Province for State Laboratory of AI Imaging & Interventional Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
Yuqi WangNurturing Center of Jiangsu Province for State Laboratory of AI Imaging & Interventional Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
Hui YangDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
Ying ZhouDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
Yini ZhuDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China. yzhu15@seu.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9592-2053
Jinbing XieDepartment of Radiology, Nantong First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nantong, China. xiejb@seu.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6071-0878

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) No. 82172010National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) No. 82372023National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) No. 82403285
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Bispecific immune cell engagers, particularly bispecific T-cell engagers, show limited efficacy in solid tumors such as glioblastoma (GBM) due to systemic toxicities, poor T cell infiltration, and restricted drug penetration. We develop PL@mBiME, a multifunctional lipid nanoparticle (LNP) platform that enables brain tumor-targeted delivery and sustained in vivo expression of mRNA encoding a bispecific macrophage engager (BiME). The BiME simultaneously targets ErbB2 on glioma cells and CD206 on M2 macrophages, reprogramming macrophages toward pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype while promoting macrophage-tumor cell bridging, enhancing tumor cell phagocytosis and antigen presentation. PL@mBiME incorporates pH-responsive charge reversal to improve tumor accumulation and lysosomal escape as well as glutathione-triggered release of surface-conjugated PD-L1 antibody to amplify anti-tumor immunity. Across multiple GBM models, this coordinated activation of innate and adaptive immunity induces tumor regression, prolongs survival, and generates durable immune memory without significant toxicity.

Indexed as

Antibodies, BispecificB7-H1 AntigenBrain NeoplasmsGlioblastomaImmunotherapyMacrophagesNanoparticlesRNA, MessengerAnimalsCell Line, TumorErb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine KinasesFemaleHumansLectins, C-TypeMannose ReceptorMiceAntibodies, BispecificB7-H1 AntigenErb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine KinasesLectins, C-TypeMannose ReceptorReceptors, Cell SurfaceRNA, Messenger

Identifiers

PMID41965349
PMCPMC13247073

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.