ArticleBioresources and bioprocessing2026
Spermidine stimulates hypocrellin A biosynthesis through nitric oxide signaling in Shiraia sp. S9.
Article in Bioresources and bioprocessing, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Hypocrellin A (HA), a photoactive perylenequinone from the bambusicolous Shiraia fungi, possesses potent photodynamic anticancer and antimicrobial properties. However, the signaling mechanisms governing its biosynthesis remain poorly understood. In this study, we identify spermidine (Spd), a ubiquitous polyamine, as a novel elicitor that significantly enhances HA production in Shiraia sp. S9. Spd activated both nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and nitrate reductase (NR) for nitric oxide (NO) generation, leading to the stimulation of the soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC)-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signaling cascade. Inhibition of NO generation or sGC activity suppressed both cGMP accumulation and HA biosynthesis. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that Spd-induced NO signaling upregulated genes in central carbon metabolism and the hypocrellin biosynthetic gene cluster. The dual elicitation strategy by the combined addition of Spd and the NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) exhibited a strong enhancing effect, increasing HA yield by 4.6-fold compared with control cultures. These results demonstrate that Spd regulates HA biosynthesis through a NO-cGMP-mediated signaling pathway, unveiling polyamines as new metabolic elicitors and providing an efficient dual-elicitation strategy for large-scale hypocrellin production.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.