SynthesisJournal of veterinary internal medicine2026
Investigation and systematic review of temporal associations between vaccination and onset of immune-mediated hemolytic anemia or thrombocytopenia in dogs.
Synthesis in Journal of veterinary internal medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundVaccination is implicated in development of human immune-mediated diseases, but studies in dogs yielded conflicting results for immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) and thrombocytopenia (ITP). HYPOTHESIS/
objectivesTo investigate temporal relationships between onset of IMHA or ITP and vaccination in dogs. ANIMALS: Client-owned dogs with nonassociative IMHA (n = 295) and ITP (n = 163) at 4 referral hospitals, alongside control dogs (n = 1180 for IMHA, 652 for ITP) presented contemporaneously.
methodsMulticenter retrospective case-control study, with meta-analysis of published studies. Proportions vaccinated ≤ 30 days before disease onset were compared to controls, along with times since last vaccine.
resultsProportion of dogs vaccinated ≤ 30 days of disease onset was significantly higher in the IMHA group (35/295, 11.9%) compared with controls (72/1180, 6.1%; P = .0015). Dogs with IMHA vaccinated ≤ 30 days of disease onset were more likely to have received a L2 vaccine (Leptospira serovars Canicola and Icterohemorrhagiae) in their last dose than those vaccinated > 30 days before onset (P = .04). Meta-analysis indicated dogs with IMHA were 2.48 times (95% CI, 1.69-3.63) more likely to have been vaccinated in the past month than controls, but with high heterogeneity across this and 2 other studies. There was no difference in proportion of ITP dogs and controls vaccinated ≤ 30 days of disease onset, and meta-analysis with 1 other study showed no temporal association, though both analyses were likely underpowered. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: These results support a possible temporal association between vaccination and onset of IMHA in dogs. Our results do not establish a causal relationship between vaccination and IMHA.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.