Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41964346›Full record

ArticleElectrophoresis2026

Fractionation of Milligram Quantities of Gadolinium and Terbium Ions by Annular Free-Flow Isotachophoresis.

Hannah Hallikainen, Xiaofeng Guo, Cornelius Ivory

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Electrophoresis, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Hannah HallikainenVoiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA.
Xiaofeng GuoVoiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA.
Cornelius IvoryVoiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA.

Funding

Actinide Center of Excellence DE-NA0003763Department of Energy, National Nuclear Science AdministrationNational Science Foundation 2149848National Science Foundation 2244082
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The fractionation of milligram quantities of gadolinium (Gd) and terbium (Tb) ions is demonstrated using annular free-flow isotachophoresis (ITP) with ammonium as the leading ion and hydronium as the terminating ion, and α-hydroxyisobutyric acid (HIBA) and acetate as lanthanide complexing ligands. Buffer conditions were designed using numerical simulations in COMSOL Multiphysics, allowing for rapid screening of candidate buffer systems before laboratory experiments. The leading electrolyte contained 15 mM ammonium acetate, 5 mM acetic acid, and 3.5 mM HIBA at pH 4.9, while the terminating electrolyte consisted of 15 mM glutamic acid, 5 mM acetic acid, and 3.5 mM HIBA at pH 3.1. After 5 h of electrophoresis at 2 kV and at a mass loading of 7.077 mg Gd and 7.074 mg Tb, 84.08% of the Tb mass was recovered in the first 7 fractions removed from the separation column, and 86.51% of the Gd mass was recovered from the remaining 11 fractions. Overall recoveries of Gd and Tb were 95.07% and 99.13%, respectively.

Indexed as

GadoliniumIsotachophoresisTerbiumBuffersHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationBuffersGadoliniumTerbiumelectrophoresisisotachophoresisrare earth elements

Identifiers

PMID41964346
PMCPMC13273345

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.