Integrated Multi-Omics Analysis of a Periplaneta americana Symbiont Streptomyces sampsonii Strain WA1-19 Against Candida albicans.

The rising infection caused by Candida albicans and emerging multi-drug resistance necessitates the development of innovative antimicrobial discovery pipelines. To overcome high discovery rates from conventional sources, this study utilised a hazard-to-solution biotechnology paradigm, successfully transforming the sanitary pest Periplaneta americana into a sustainable bioresource for novel antifungal agents. Herein, an integrated multi-omics framework was established to systematically characterise the biosynthetic potential of Streptomyces sampsonii strain WA1-19, a symbiont of P. americana exhibiting potent activity against C. albicans. Whole-genome sequencing and anti-SMASH analysis revealed eight biosynthetic gene clusters of the strain, including one with 100% similarity to candicidin, providing a genomic rationale for its biocontrol capability. Subsequently, untargeted metabolomics coupled with GNPS analysis was employed to connect the genomic potential to the expressed chemistry of the strain, and several bioactive metabolites were identified such as surugamides, daizein and so on. Network pharmacology analysis predicted that the inhibitory effects of these metabolites against C. albicans might be associated with the core virulence pathways of the pathogen, particularly MAPK and PI3K-Akt signalling cascades. In summary, this study presents S. sampsonii strain WA1-19 as a promising biocontrol candidate and validates a multi-omics workflow that offers a powerful strategy for antimicrobial discovery from underexplored insect niches.