ArticleInternational journal of mental health systems2026
The impacts of neighbourhood violence on mental health consultations among residents of low-income neighbourhoods in Rio de Janeiro: a retrospective cohort analysis.
Article in International journal of mental health systems, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundViolence is associated with poor mental health outcomes. However, longitudinal evidence from urban settings with endemic violence – particularly in low- and middle-income countries such as Brazil – remains limited. This study investigates the association between neighbourhood violence, including drug-gang conflicts and police operations, on mental health consultations in Rio de Janeiro.
methodsA cohort of 1,358,943 individuals observed from January 2010 to December 2016 was analysed. Individuals were considered exposed to violence if a violent event occurred within 250 m of the primary healthcare clinic they attended. Using cross-sectional Poisson regression models, we examined which sociodemographic groups were more exposed to neighbourhood violence, and fixed effects panel Poisson regression assessed the association between neighbourhood violence and PHC consultations for mental health conditions.
resultsOver two thirds of the cohort (n = 913,125) were exposed to at least one neighbourhood violent event in the study period, most of which were police-related shootings (70.4%). Females, Black individuals, and younger adults were more likely to experience neighbourhood violence, particularly drug-gang violence. Exposure to two and three neighbourhood violent events in a month was associated with a 5% (IRR: 1.05; 95% CI: 1.02–1.07; p < 0.001) and 8% (IRR: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.04–1.12; p < 0.001) increase in mental health-relatedprimary healthcare consultations, respectively, while five or more events were linked to a 7% decrease (IRR: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.89–0.97; p < 0.001). Lagged analyses showed that exposure to 2–4 violent events per month was associated with increased mental health consultations, particularly 2–4 months after violence exposure. Increases in mental health consultations following high levels of violence exposure were observed among individuals aged 19–34 and 65 + years, but were lower among those with a high school education or higher.
conclusionsNeighbourhood violence in Rio de Janeiro was associated with increased mental health-related primary healthcare consultations both immediately and two to four months following violence exposure.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.