ArticleBMC oral health2026
Enhanced remineralization and acid resistance of white spot lesions by combined bioactive glass and resin infiltration: an in vitro study.
Article in BMC oral health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the combined and potentially synergistic effects of bioactive glass (BG) and resin infiltration (RI) on the remineralization and resistance to secondary demineralization of orthodontic white spot lesions (WSLs).
methodsOne hundred twenty human premolars were randomly divided into four groups (n = 30 per group): RI group, BG group, combined RI + BG group, and untreated control group (NT). After creating artificial WSLs, specimens underwent a 4-week remineralization treatment followed by a 2-week secondary demineralization challenge. Surface roughness, microhardness, calcium ion release, and laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) parameters were measured.
resultsPost-remineralization, the RI + BG group showed the lowest surface roughness, highest microhardness, and most favorable LSCM parameters (TF, FA, AF), with significant differences compared to other groups (p < 0.001). Following secondary demineralization, the RI + BG group maintained the best performance, exhibiting the smallest changes in roughness and microhardness, and the least calcium ion release. The overall efficacy ranking was RI + BG > BG > RI > NT.
conclusionThe combination of bioactive glass and resin infiltration exhibited significantly superior remineralization efficacy and resistance to secondary demineralization compared to either treatment alone. This enhanced performance is supported by statistical evidence of synergistic interactions for key mechanical and chemical resistance outcomes, aligning with the observed superior overall effect.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.