Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41963521›Full record

ArticleCommunications biology2026

Implantation of a passive electrical neurostimulation device achieves inflammatory modulation in rodents.

Michael T Williams, Georgia L Lawlor, Brett J Collar, Pedro P Irazoqui

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Communications biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Michael T Williams *Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. mwill297@alumni.jh.edu.
Georgia L Lawlor *Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. glawlor1@jhu.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9424-5003
Brett J CollarDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Pedro P IrazoquiDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Funding

Multiplexed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay workstation for clinical researchS10OD032154 · OD · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI FEDARKO, NEAL S · 2022 to 2022
$65k
NIH HHS S10 OD032154U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) NS119390
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has been identified as a treatment for diseases ranging from depression to rheumatoid arthritis. Despite widespread interest, the modulation of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines using a chronically implanted VNS device in rodents has not yet been demonstrated. Existing neuromodulation devices typically utilize application-specific integrated circuits for miniaturization. Here, we present a neuromodulation system comprising a passive, wirelessly driven, implantable neurostimulator capable of bipolar, multisite, and temporal interference stimulation. The device incorporates a bidirectional current-limiting circuit to protect tissue from excessive cathodal and anodal stimulation. System performance is validated through sciatic nerve stimulation to demonstrate functionality and versatility, and through VNS to demonstrate chronic reliability and inflammatory control in rats. After three weeks of implantation, VNS significantly modulates blood pressure and cytokine concentrations, increasing anti-inflammatory and decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokines following lipopolysaccharide injection. Passive, miniaturized neuromodulation systems may enable chronic VNS studies and facilitate clinical translation.

Indexed as

Implantable NeurostimulatorsInflammationVagus Nerve StimulationAnimalsCytokinesMaleRatsSciatic NerveCytokines

Identifiers

PMID41963521
PMCPMC13250139

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.