ArticleScientific reports2026
Enhancing electrochromic energy storage devices with water-in-bisalt (Zn
Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Three-Electrode Electrochromic Energy Storage Devices with Enhanced Multicolor Functionality.Micromachines · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Electrochromic (EC) technology is increasingly recognized for its potential to improve energy efficiency, particularly through smart windows that modulate transparency to reduce reliance on artificial lighting and air conditioning. While EC devices generally require low external voltages to switch between colored and bleached states, further advancements are still needed to reduce energy consumption and achieve more efficient, sustainable performance. A promising solution lies in integrating EC materials with energy storage systems, offering a dual-purpose approach that enables light modulation and energy storage functionality. Numerous studies have explored zinc (Zn)-based EC energy storage devices, owing to their high theoretical specific capacity, environmental compatibility, and the abundance of zinc metal. However, the performance of Zn2+-based electrolytes is often constrained by large hydrated ion sizes and a limited electrochemical stability window. To address these limitations, this study focused on investigating water-in-bisalt (WiBS) electrolytes with varying Zn2+/Al3+ electrolyte composition to enhance both energy storage capability and EC functionality. Additionally, tungsten trioxide (WO3) was selected as the EC material due to its proven coloration efficiency, optical modulation, and cyclic stability. Deduced from the measurement, the 10 M Zn + 3 M Al electrolyte was identified as the optimal formulation, enabling the WO3 energy storage device to achieve an outstanding energy storage capacity of 146 mAh/m2, excellent optical contrast (80.5%), high coloration efficiency (35.3 cm2/C), and excellent cyclic stability of 75% after 1000 cycles. This research highlights the potential of advanced WiBS electrolytes in EC energy storage technologies, paving the way for applications in energy storage integrated smart windows and real-time energy indicators.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.