Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41963386›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2026

Molecular investigation of tick-borne and zoonotic pathogen dissemination and host-pathogen interactions in canines.

Areej Fatima, Muhammad Umer, Madiha Rasool, Tahira Yasmeen, Hira Muqaddas, Tauqir Un Nisa, Muhammad Farhan Danish, Muhammad Asif Khalil, Esmael M Alyami, Ohoud A Alghamdi and 5 more

Abstract read
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Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Areej Fatima *Institute of Zoology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan.
Muhammad Umer *Institute of Zoology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan.
Madiha Rasool *Institute of Zoology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan.
Tahira YasmeenInstitute of Zoology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan.
Hira MuqaddasSydney School of Veterinary Science. Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
Tauqir Un NisaInstitute of Zoology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan.
Muhammad Farhan DanishInstitute of Zoology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan.
Muhammad Asif KhalilCollege of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.
Esmael M AlyamiDepartment of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, PO Box 960, Asir, Abha, 61421, EMA, Saudi Arabia.
Ohoud A AlghamdiDepartment of Chemistry, Bahir Dar University, P.O. Box 79, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.
Gehan M ElossailyDepartment of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, Diriyah, Riyadh, 13713, GME, Saudi Arabia.
Mulugeta TesemmaDepartment of Biology, Bahir Dar University, P.O.Box 79, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia. mulugetatesemmarer@gmail.com.
Wajiha ShahzadiInstitute of Zoology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan.
Shakir UllahDepartment of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan.
Furhan IqbalInstitute of Zoology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan. furhan.iqbal@bzu.edu.pk.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Dogs are among the most widespread and beloved domestic animals worldwide. As close companions of humans, they are commonly exposed to the environment and to various vectors, making them potential reservoirs for a wide range of vector-borne pathogens. This study was aimed to determine the molecular prevalence and genetic diversity of Anaplasma (A.) ovis, Toxoplasma (T.) gondii and Theileria (T.) ovis among domestic dogs in Pakistan. A total of 275 canine blood samples were collected from five districts in Punjab, Dera Ghazi Khan (n = 57), Vehari (n = 7), Layyah (n = 34), Bahawalpur (n = 38) and Muzaffargarh (n = 139), during March till October 2024. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) based analysis revealed that 8.7% (24/275), 16.7% (46/275) and 11.6% (32/275) dogs were infected with A. ovis, T. gondii and T. ovis, respectively. Co-infections involving two or all three pathogens were also detected. The presence of all three pathogens was confirmed through Sanger sequencing followed by BLAST analysis and the amplified genes were similar to the pathogenic sequences deposited from countries worldwide. Prevalence of all three pathogens varied significantly between the sampling sites. Theileria ovis infection varied significantly between the screened dog breeds. Data analysis revealed that male dogs had a significantly higher of A. ovis infection rate as compared to females (p = 0.008). Overall, our findings indicate moderate infection rates of A. ovis, T. gondii and T. ovis in dogs from Pakistan. These findings highlight the need to include local dog populations in future vector-borne disease surveillance programs across Pakistan, following the One Health approach.

Indexed as

Dog DiseasesHost-Pathogen InteractionsTheileriaTick-Borne DiseasesToxoplasmaToxoplasmosis, AnimalZoonosesAnaplasmaAnaplasmosisAnimalsDogsFemaleMalePakistanPhylogenyPrevalenceAnaplasma ovisDogPakistanPrevalence and phylogenyTheileria ovisToxoplasma gondii

Identifiers

PMID41963386
PMCPMC13338032

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.