ArticleAmerican journal of preventive medicine2026
Social Isolation and Loneliness Among U.S. Adults With Self-Reported Hospitalization.
Article in American journal of preventive medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
introductionThis study aims to examine the prevalence and factors associated with social isolation and loneliness among U.S. adults with self-reported hospitalization.
methodsCross-sectional survey data from adults aged ≥18 years in the 2021 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey who reported at least 1 hospitalization were obtained and analyzed in 2025-2026. Weighted descriptive analyses and multivariable logistic regression models were conducted to identify factors independently associated with social isolation and loneliness.
resultsSocial isolation and loneliness were present in 22.6% and 26.6% of the study participants, respectively. Factors independently associated with higher odds of social isolation were middle income (AOR 2.35, 95% CI=1.43, 3.86) and low income (AOR 4.50, 95% CI=2.82, 7.18), public insurance (AOR 2.02, 95% CI=1.44, 2.85), depression (AOR 2.27, 95% CI=1.49, 3.46), and prior hospitalizations (AOR 1.21, 95% CI=1.01, 1.45). Adults aged 45-64 years (AOR 0.45, 95% CI=0.29, 0.69) and ≥65 years (AOR 0.49, 95% CI=0.31, 0.77), and non-Hispanic Black individuals (AOR 0.52, 95% CI=0.32, 0.84) had lower odds of social isolation. Factors independently associated with higher odds of loneliness were being widowed, divorced, or separated (AOR 2.03, 95% CI=1.31, 3.15) or never married (AOR 2.58, 95% CI=1.57, 4.24), depression (AOR 3.86, 95%CI=2.48, 5.99), and having fair or poor perceived health status (AOR 1.92, 95% CI=1.34, 2.75). Adults aged ≥65 years had lower odds of loneliness (AOR 0.55, 95% CI=0.31, 0.95) compared with those aged 18-44 years.
conclusionsMore than 1 in 5 U.S. adults with self-reported hospitalization experienced social isolation and 1 in 4 reported loneliness. Routine screening during hospitalization may help identify at-risk individuals.
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