ArticleMedicine2026
Population-based trends in mortality from pneumonia with co-occurring asthma in the United States, 1999 to 2020: A death certificate time-trend study with sensitivity analyses (2018-2023).
Article in Medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
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Abstract
Asthma is a common chronic respiratory condition that may coexist with pneumonia and influence mortality patterns at the population level. However, long-term national trends in pneumonia-related mortality with asthma listed as a co-occurring condition have not been comprehensively described in the United States. We conducted a population-based descriptive study using U.S. death certificate data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (CDC WONDER) multiple-cause-of-death database. Deaths from 1999 to 2020 in which pneumonia was listed as the underlying cause of death and asthma was recorded as a contributing condition were identified using ICD-10 codes. Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) were calculated using the 2000 U.S. standard population. Temporal trends were assessed using Joinpoint regression to estimate annual percent change (APC) and average APC. Sensitivity analyses using provisional mortality data from 2018 to 2023 were conducted to examine the consistency of trend directions. From 1999 to 2020, AAMRs for pneumonia with co-occurring asthma showed an overall increasing trend in the United States. Trends varied by sex, age group, geographic region, and state. Joinpoint analyses identified periods of statistically significant change, with higher mortality rates consistently observed among older adults and males. Sensitivity analyses using provisional data demonstrated generally consistent trend directions in recent years. This population-based analysis describes long-term trends in pneumonia-related mortality with asthma listed as a co-occurring condition in the United States. The findings highlight persistent and heterogeneous mortality patterns across demographic and geographic subgroups and provide descriptive epidemiologic evidence for future public health monitoring and research.
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