ArticleJAMA health forum2026
Local Flavored Tobacco Bans and Youth Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems Use.
Article in JAMA health forum, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Importance: Although electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) use is decreasing among youth in the US, the frequency of use is increasing among current users, particularly high school students. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of local flavored tobacco ban policies and assess whether policies may have unintended outcomes in youth in California. Design, Setting, and Participants: Repeated cross-sectional study using a confounder-adjusted dynamic difference-in-difference (DID) analysis to obtain estimates of the average treatment effect among the treated (ATT) over 6 years. Participants were middle school and high school students in the 2017-2022 California Healthy Kids Survey. Data were analyzed from February 1 to October 1, 2025. Exposures: Policy exposure (treated group) defined as attending a school in person within a jurisdiction with an active flavored tobacco ban at the time of survey administration. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome was current ENDS use, and the secondary outcome was current cigarette use. To address confounding, additional measures included racial and ethnic diversity, federal poverty level, and educational attainment, which were aggregated to the local policy jurisdiction area. Results: Among 2 805 708 middle and high school student tobacco users, local flavored tobacco bans were associated with a reduction in current ENDS use of 2.4 percentage points (ATT, -0.024; 95% CI, -0.031 to -0.017) and were not associated with current cigarette use (ATT, 0.002; 95% CI, -0.002 to 0.005). Three years after policy implementation, ENDS use was lower in jurisdictions with flavor ban compared with jurisdictions without by 1.9 percentage points (ATT, -0.019; 95% CI, -0.027 to -0.010). Four years after policy implementation, ENDS use was lower in jurisdictions with flavor ban compared with jurisdictions without by 9.3 percentage points (ATT, -0.093; 95% CI, -0.117 to -0.069). Conclusions and Relevance: In this study, a local flavored tobacco ban policy was associated with reduced ENDS use among youth but not with cigarette use within this population. Future research should also examine trends in other states to evaluate policy adoption and enforcement.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.