ArticleAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)2026
Visualization of Endosomal Escape of Intracellularly Delivered Protein With Unexpected Photochemical Internalization of Trypan Blue.
Article in Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Carrier-free nanoparticles in microneedles disrupt endosomal acidification suppress ferroptosis in radiation-induced oral mucositis.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Visualization of Endosomal Escape of Intracellularly Delivered Protein With Unexpected Photochemical Internalization of Trypan Blue.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Intracellular protein delivery holds great potential for biomedicine and biotechnology, but real-time monitoring of protein release remains challenging. Here, we introduce trypan blue (TB) as a multifunctional agent for both tracking and enhancing protein delivery. TB forms a supramolecular complex with GFP, quenching its fluorescence, and further assembles with a cationic guanidine-rich polymer into a stable nanostructure. Upon 590 nm light irradiation, TB acts as a photosensitizer, triggering photochemical internalization (PCI) that promotes endosomal escape and protein release into the cytosol, accompanied by recovery of GFP fluorescence. This TB-mediated PCI not only enhances delivery efficiency but also allows real-time visualization of protein binding and release. We demonstrate the utility of this system through in vitro and in vivo delivery of functional proteins, including the cytotoxic protein saporin, which exhibits light-activated antitumor activity. Our work highlights TB as a simple yet powerful tool for advancing intracellular protein delivery and tracking.
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Registered trials
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