Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41961426›Full record

ArticleCanadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique2026

The risk of HIV and HCV transmission in Canadians living with coinfection before, during, and after the COVID pandemic: A prospective cohort study.

Jim Young, Shouao Wang, Matthew Knight, Claudette L Cardinal, Curtis L Cooper, Joseph Cox, Mark Hull, Valerie Martel-Laferriere, Dessie J Sutherland, Sharon Walmsley and 3 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Jim YoungResearch Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada. james.young2@mcgill.ca.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4314-3007
Shouao WangResearch Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Matthew KnightResearch Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Claudette L CardinalEpidemiology and Population Health Program, British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Curtis L CooperDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
Joseph CoxDepartment of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Mark HullDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Valerie Martel-LaferriereDepartement de Microbiologie Et Infectiologie, and Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier de L'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Dessie J SutherlandIndigenous Guidance Circle, CIHR Pan-Canadian HIV/AIDS & STBBI Clinical Trials Network (CTN+), Montreal, QC, Canada.
Sharon WalmsleyDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Alex WongDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
Marina B KleinResearch Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3063-8430
Canadian Coinfection Cohort

Funding

Canadian HIV Trials Network, Canadian Institutes of Health Research CTN222Canadian Institutes for Health Research FDN-143270
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesThe COVID-19 pandemic led to lower rates of testing for HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) and reduced HCV treatment uptake. It is not clear what other temporary or lasting effects the pandemic might have had in Canada on factors associated with HIV and HCV transmission.

methodsUsing data from the Canadian Coinfection Cohort, we modelled outcomes related to transmission risk over a period starting 2 years before the pandemic and ending 2 years after the pandemic. We fitted generalised additive mixed models to these outcomes, rather than assume a specific functional form for the change in an outcome over time.

resultsOur modelling suggests a slow decline in the risk of HIV and HCV transmission for those in care during the period from 2018 to 2024, unaffected by the pandemic. We see a consistent picture across multiple outcomes: declines in detectable and transmissible HIV RNA, in poor adherence to antiretroviral therapy, and in injection drug use. However, a decline in sexual activity during the pandemic was mostly transitory. At the same time, a third of participants were permanently lost to care during the pandemic. Those lost to care were more likely to be using injection drugs or Indigenous people and far more likely to still be HCV RNA positive.

conclusionHIV and HCV elimination efforts will need to be resourced to re-engage those at greatest risk of transmission who were lost to care during the pandemic.

Indexed as

CondomsDrug usersGay and bisexual menGeneralised additive mixed modelIndigenous people

Identifiers

PMID41961426

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.