Trial reportEuropean journal of applied physiology2026
Effect of unstable surface during loaded-inspiratory task on diaphragm and trunk muscle activity in stroke patients.
Trial report in European journal of applied physiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06877338 (Inspiratory and Trunk Muscle Activity During Inspiratory Muscle Training on Stable and Unstable Surfaces in People After Stroke), which is not on this map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Inspiratory and Trunk Muscle Activity During Inspiratory Muscle Training on Stable and Unstable Surfaces in People After Stroke
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeInspiratory muscle training (IMT) is typically conducted with the patient seated on a stable surface. Considering the dual role of diaphragm in respiration and balance control, this study aims to investigate how different seating surfaces affect diaphragmatic and trunk muscle activity during loaded-inspiratory efforts in people after stroke.
methodsForty-one patients randomly performed 10 breaths with inspiratory resistance set at 50% of maximal inspiratory pressure in 2 sitting conditions on a chair (with and without a balance pad). Bilateral activity of the diaphragm (recorded by ultrasonography), sternocleidomastoid (SCM), abdominal muscles and erector spinae (ES), monitored by surface electromyography, were simultaneously recorded and analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA.
resultsCompared with sitting on a stable surface, loaded-inspiratory efforts on an unstable surface significantly increased diaphragmatic contraction, reflected by diaphragm thickening fraction, by 20% and 16% on the non-affected and hemiplegic side, respectively (p < 0.001). Meanwhile, SCM activity significantly decreased by nearly 10% bilaterally, ES activity increased by 7% on both sides, while abdominal muscle activity showed no significant change.
conclusionIncorporating postural challenges into inspiratory training appeared to enhance diaphragmatic and ES contraction and reduce SCM activation. The long-term effects of this approach on inspiratory function warrant further investigation.
trial registrationRegistration number: NCT06877338; 11 March 2025.
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