Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41960473›Full record

ArticleBioinformation2026

Effect of brainwave entrainment on sleep quality among MBBS students in India.

Varun Malhotra, Abhay Gupta, Danish Javed, Francisco Jose Cidral-Filho, Patrick K Porter

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Bioinformation, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Varun MalhotraDepartment of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Science (AIIMS), Bhopal, India.
Abhay GuptaDepartment of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Science (AIIMS), Bhopal, India.
Danish JavedDepartment of AYUSH, All India Institute of Medical Science (AIIMS), Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.
Francisco Jose Cidral-FilhoDepartment of Health Sciences, Laboratory of Experimental Neurosciences (LaNEx), University of South Santa Catarina, Palhoca, Brazil.
Patrick K PorterDepartment of Neuro-Linguistic Programming and Hypnotherapy, Quantum University, Honolulu, HI, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Brainwave entrainment (BWE) synchronizes neural oscillations using rhythmic auditory and photic stimuli. Therefore, it is of interest to study the immediate effect of a single delta wave BWE session using the Brain Tap headset on sleep parameters among medical students. Hence, twenty six participants underwent one BWE session, with sleep metrics recorded pre and post session using a smart watch. Delta wave BWE was associated with significant improvements in sleep score, total sleep duration, light sleep and deep sleep, with reduced nocturnal awakenings. Thus, we show delta frequency BWE may serve as a non-pharmacological aid for enhancing sleep quality.

Indexed as

auditory stimulationBrainwave entrainmentsleep architecturesleep quality

Identifiers

PMID41960473
PMCPMC13058366

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.