Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41960407›Full record

Trial reportFrontiers in public health2026

Integrated functional training versus conventional physical education for health-related physical fitness in preschool children: a 14-week randomized controlled trial.

Chunmei Zheng, Zhengda Pan, Xiaotong Sun, Mingyang Zhang, Haixia Li

Abstract readRandomized Controlled TrialComparative Study
In one paragraph

Trial report in Frontiers in public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Chunmei ZhengSchool of Physical Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
Zhengda PanSchool of Physical Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
Xiaotong SunSchool of Physical Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
Mingyang ZhangSchool of Physical Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
Haixia LiSchool of Sport Management, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, Shandong, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Declining physical fitness in preschool children represents a critical public health challenge. Despite theoretical advantages of integrated functional training (IFT), few dose-matched RCT have examined the efficacy of IFT compared with conventional PE. The objective of this study was to determine whether a 14-week IFT intervention could produce better improvements in health-related fitness in children aged 4-6 years compared to conventional physical exercise. Methods: In this single-center, parallel-group, assessor-blinded randomized controlled trial, 60 preschoolers (mean age 5.30 ± 0.80 years) were randomly allocated (1, 1) to IFT ( Results: The IFT group demonstrated significantly greater improvements than the control group across all outcomes (all Conclusion: A 14-week kindergarten-based IFT program produced significantly greater and clinically meaningful improvements compared with Conventional PE.

Indexed as

Physical Education and TrainingPhysical FitnessChildChild, PreschoolFemaleHumansMaleSingle-Blind Methodearly childhoodexercise interventionmotor competencephysical fitnessrandomized controlled trial

Identifiers

PMID41960407
PMCPMC13057457

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.