ArticleFrontiers in public health2026
The price of equality: determinants of the convergence in delivery costs in Bangladesh.
Article in Frontiers in public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditures for childbirth in Bangladesh have increased substantially, intensifying financial pressure on lower-income households. While wealthier groups historically bore higher delivery costs, recent trends indicate a narrowing gap in spending across socioeconomic strata. This study investigates the drivers of this convergence in delivery-related expenditures between 2014 and 2022, distinguishing between demographic shifts and changes in medical service utilization. We analyzed nationally representative data from the 2014 and 2022 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Surveys using a retrospective two-stage stratified sampling design. Inequality in expenditures was assessed using the concentration index, and decomposition analysis was applied to quantify the contribution of explanatory factors. Between 2014 and 2022, the concentration index for delivery expenditures declined from 0.37 to 0.20 (Δ = -0.17,
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