Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41960248›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in psychology2026

Ingunn Hagen, Ronald E Rice

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in psychology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Ingunn HagenDepartment of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
Ronald E RiceDepartment of Communication, University of California, Santa Barbara (USCB), CA, United States.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: This article summarizes the concept of media mastery as a sensitizing framework for understanding several paradoxes of digital media use. It then applies the framework to understand ways in which university students attempt to manage their digital devices. Materials and methods: The paper first provides an overview of the development of the concept. Then, based on focus group data from Norway 2015-2016 and relevant literature reviews, we explore how students attempted to navigate tensions and paradoxes involving connectivity (tensions between relationships and expectations) and control (tensions between dependency and awareness). Results: Many participants expressed frustration with social media and their own ability to control media use and distractions, questioning whether they should consider themselves dependent or addicted to their devices. They also discussed self-regulation strategies, such as controlling or limiting their digital media consumption, by becoming more aware, in control, and mindful. Conclusion: For the focus group university students, the benefits of digital convergence (e.g., communication and multifunctionality) were paradoxically accompanied by challenges (e.g., pressure of constant connectivity and digital dependency). The study provides insights into the tensions and paradoxes in the processes of amstering, and being mastered by, digital media.

Indexed as

connectivitycontroldigital devicesmedia masterymedia psychologyparadoxesuniversity students

Identifiers

PMID41960248
PMCPMC13057371

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.